Assessing the Impact of ChatGPT on EFL Students’ Writing Productivity and Proficiency

Abstract

With an emphasis on its effects on students' writing productivity and proficiency, this study investigates the effects of incorporating ChatGPT, an AI-based tool, into English as a Foreign Language (EFL) course. The research was conducted with 52 Saudi female university students and employed a pretest-posttest design to evaluate changes in key writing skills, including topic sentence formation, organization, use of supporting details, mechanics, and word count. Results revealed noticeable improvements in students’ writing proficiency, particularly in generating effective topic sentences and providing related details, while the impact on mechanics and organization was less pronounced. The findings highlight ChatGPT's potential as a helpful tool for beginning EFL learners, assisting with idea generation, reducing redundancy, and fostering writing clarity. However, the study underscores the need for judicious application to avoid overreliance and ensure students develop essential writing skills independently. These insights contribute to advancing AI integration in EFL contexts and align with Saudi Vision 2030’s emphasis on technological innovation in learning environments.