ASUPAN SENG YANG RENDAH SEBAGAI FAKTOR RISIKO KEPARAHAN PNEUMONIA PADA ANAK USIA 12-59 BULAN

Abstract

Period prevalence of infant pneumonia in Indonesia is 18.5 per mile. The high mortality rate due to pneumonia of 62 percent was found in 10 countries and 5 countries was located in Asia. Zinc is one of micronutrients which is reported to prevent pneumonia as an acute phase response to infection and help to boost the body immune response. The objective of the study was to determine the impact of zinc intake as risk factor of severe pneumonia in children. A case control study was conducted among children aged 12–59 months in 2 hospitals and 6 health centres, Yogyakarta city. Thirty four children were categorized as having severe pneumonia (cases) and 102 children were categorized as having pneumonia (control). All sample's mothers completed a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire during March-April 2014. Data analysis was performed using Mantel-Haenszel test and conditional logistic regression, α = 0,05. Results of the study showed that there were 41.2 percent cases and 56.9 percent control were exclusively breast-fed. The proportion of cases who had inadequate zink intake was higher than control group. There was no difference between inadequate zinc intake and the severe pneumonia (OR 1,08 and 95% CI 0,5-2,3). There was a statistically significant correlation between low-zinc intake and severe pneumonia if second disease exist (OR 3,8 and 95% CI 1,4 -10,8). As an conclusion, Inadequate zinc intake affected severe pneumonia when the secondary diseases exist in children with pneumonia.