Avaliação do perfil metabólico, nutricional e efeitos adversos de crianças com epilepsia refratária em uso da dieta cetogênica

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this research was to evaluate adverse events, serum biochemistry, growth and nutritional status of children with difficult-to-control seizures who were submitted to ketogenic diet. Methods: Twenty-three patients aging from 2 to 17 years with refractory epilepsies, where 43.5% (n=10) were males and 56.5% (n=13) females from the Sector of Neuropediatrics, Discipline of Neurology of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo, were treated with the ketogenic diet and followed up for at least 1 year. Two patients were not able to achieve persistent ketosis either because they rejected the diets or their parents did not comply. Results: Adverse events were all reversible and included hyperlipidemia, constipation (17.4%), nausea and vomiting (43.4%), drowsiness (47.8%), intercurrent infections (3.0%), diet refusal (13.0%) and epistaxis (4.3%). Growth was not affected in the short term and most heights remained within the normal centile lines. Conclusion: The ketogenic diet can be considered a safe and effective treatment for children with intractable seizures.