The Highest Levels of Maslow’s Hierarchical Needs: Self-actualization and Self-transcendence

Abstract

According to the study of Koltko-Rivera (2006), Maslow, toward the end of his life, highlighted a new stage of needs in the name of self-transcendence The level of “self-transcendence” representing the highest level of Maslow’s hierarchical needs in phenomenological structure for psychological aspect, indicates both intrinsic and extrinsic developmental process of individual. For instance, independence, self-actualization, identity achievement and effective social connection are the products of “self-transcendence”. This study is the first in related field to literally express the statement of self-transcendence in Turkish language. Besides, it was evaluated the cultural and individualized factors of recent studies might present differences in the area of self-actualization and self-transcendence. Thus, it was considered to develop tests and scales related to the level of self-transcendence. Specifically, hoping to be more beneficial to update the services given in the field of education, psychology and counselling by considering the new needs of individual.