Removal of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) from Water Using Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Based Bio-sorbent

Abstract

Naproxen has been found in a variety of water sources, including drinking water and groundwater. The effectiveness of wastewater treatment plants and other modern pharmaceutical removal procedures are investigated, with a particular focus on adsorption. There are several significant findings in this report that the quantity of oil palm wastes particularly oil palm EFB has created disposal problems. Utilizing EFB as a pollutant adsorbent in wastewater is a viable option. The aim of this research is to determine the adsorption capacity and the efficiency of EFB in removal of NSAIDs from water. As a result, EFB must be used to mitigate agricultural waste and water pollution. The highest percentage naproxen sodium removal shows at concentration of 100 ppm after 24 hours in 2.5 g of EFB, which was 98.66%. For 5.0 g of EFB, the highest percentage removal recorded in 1000 ppm concentration of naproxen sodium solution after 24 hours was 45.74 %. Aspects for EFB to achieve maximum adsorption capacity and efficiency are smaller EFB and contact time in 24 hours. In conclusion, EFB can be utilized as a cheap raw material to be a bio-sorbent.