Effectiveness of information and communication technologies to improve the knowledge of hospitalized patients: systematic review

Abstract

Introduction: Hospitals serve as important settings for health education initiatives facilitated by technology. Utilizing these resources, healthcare professionals can enhance patient care practices. Objective: This study aims to assess the efficacy of information and communication technologies in enhancing the knowledge of hospitalized patients. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted to address the research question: "Which information and communication technologies effectively improve the knowledge of hospitalized patients?" The search encompassed electronic databases such as Scopus, the National Library of Medicine, Web of Science, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Cochrane, and Excerpta Medica Database. Gray literature was sourced through Google Scholar. The exposure factor was educational interventions employing information and communication technologies, with the outcome measured as improved knowledge. Only randomized clinical trials in any language were included. Results: A total of 1,153 articles were initially identified, from which four were deemed eligible for inclusion. These studies demonstrated effectiveness in enhancing knowledge through educational interventions utilizing technologies such as video, applications, and concept maps. Discussion: Information and communication technologies have been shown to enhance patient knowledge. Nonetheless, there is a paucity of research exploring hospitals as platforms for technology-mediated educational interventions. Conclusion: Educational interventions employing information and communication technologies in hospital settings effectively enhance patient knowledge.