The placebo effect from the biopsychosocial perspective of general medicine: non-effective interventions that are, in fact, effective

Abstract

There are recovery mechanisms of the disease that are more complex than homeostasis. Among these is the placebo effect. They are true social, cultural and psychobiological responses that can significantly modify the overall outcome of the treatment. The effects of placebo and nocebo occur frequently and are clinically significant, but are not recognized despite the comprehensive framework of general medicine.