Alzheimer’s Disease: Neurotransmitters Involved and the Possible New Strategies

Abstract

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with many pathophysiological conditions. The aim of present review is to understand the learning and cognitive processes and study the various parameters related to Alzheimer's Disease. The pathophysiological mechanism of the AD has been studied and neurotransmitters used in learning process and cognitive function have been described. The main pathophysiological symptom behind AD is beta-Amyloid plaque and neurofibrillary entangles. The other reasons of AD include synaptic failure, decrease in calcium regulation, inflammatory mediators, problem in insulin signaling, depletion of neurotransmitters, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Cholinergic system is the major system involved in the learning and cognitive behaviour. The roles of various other neurotransmitters like angiotensin, GABA, dopamine, adrenaline, serotonin, histamine, nitric oxide and nerve growth factors have also been described. The neurotransmitters like acetylcholine, adrenaline and dopamine have been found to improve cognitive behaviour while NMDA, GABA, serotonin, histamine and angiotensin have diminishing effect on memory.Copyright © 2019 iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation. All rights reserved.