Modern Techniques to Maximize Muscle Healing in Athletes

Abstract

Muscle injuries in athletes are common and account for a substantial amount of time lost from sport, making it crucial that muscle healing is optimized after injury. Historical methods of treating muscle injuries included the PRICE (protection, rest, ice, compression, and elevation) method, oral medications including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and progressive rehabilitation, which have limited evidence and may not be optimal for recovery after injury. In recent years, there has been a push to elucidate other modalities and interventions that may aid in the muscle healing process and reduce athletes’ missed time from sport. The goal of this review is to highlight techniques that can maximize muscle healing in athletes. Specifically, the review focuses on imaging techniques that may aid in tracking muscle recovery, including ultrasound and elastography, as well as novel rehabilitation approaches and newer modalities such as extracorporeal shockwave therapy, photobiomodulation, and orthobiologic injections. Additionally, this review also analyzes the role of nutrition and sleep in muscle healing after injury.