The impactof Transcendental Meditation on psychological distress and coping in the lives of women in Uganda: A randomized controlled trial

Abstract

In this randomized controlled trial with women living in poverty in Uganda (n = 199) we explored the impact of Transcendental Meditation® (TM®) on perceived stress—the primary outcome measure, and self-efficacy, anger, anxiety, fatigue, sleep, and resilience as secondary measures. After baseline testing participants were randomly assigned to either practice of TM or to a waitlist control group. Participants learned TM over five consecutive days and then practiced at home for 20 ­minutes twice a day. Post testing took place after three months. A significant reduction was found in perceived stress, anger, and fatigue, and a significant improvement in self-efficacy and sleep quality. In a follow-up questionnaire at eight months, participants reported improved physical and mental health, increased ability to handle domestic violence, and improved relationships. Results indicate the TM program has a positive impact on psychological distress and coping and could add value to programs for women in Uganda.