Baroreflex depression persists in the early phase after hypertension reversal

Abstract

The baroreflex control of heart rate (HR) was evaluated in conscious chronic renal hypertensive rats (RHR; 1K-1C, 2 mo) under control conditions and after reversal of hypertension by unclipping the renal artery or sodium nitroprusside infusion. Unclipping and nitroprusside infusion were both followed by significant decreases in the mean arterial pressure (unclipping: from 199 ± 4 to 153 ± 8 mmHg; nitroprusside infusion: from 197 ± 9 to 166 ± 6 mmHg) as well as slight and significant increases, respectively, in the baroreflex bradycardic response index (unclipping: from 0.2 ± 0.04 to 0.6 ± 0.1 beats·min-1·mmHg-1; nitroprusside infusion: from 0.1 ± 0.04 to 0.5 ± 0.1 beats·min-1·mmHg-1). However, this index was still depressed compared with that for normotensive control rats (2.1 ± 0.2 beats·min-1·mmHg-1). The index for the baroreflex tachycardic response was also depressed under control conditions and remained unchanged after hypertension reversal. RHR possessed markedly attenuated vagal tone as demonstrated by pharmacological blockade of parasympathetic and sympathetic control of HR with methylatropine and propranolol, respectively. A reduced bradycardic response was also observed in anesthetized RHR during electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve or methacholine chloride injection, indicating impairment of efferent vagal influence over the HR. Together, these data indicate that 2 h after hypertension reversal in RHR, the previously described normalization of baroreceptor gain occurs independent of the minimal or lack of recovery of baroreflex control over HR.