Analysis of freight trip generation model for food and beverage in Belo Horizonte (Brazil)

Abstract

Today, one of the main challenges faced in urban logistics is the distribution of goods. In Brazil, mid to large cities have experienced negative consequences of unplanned urban sprawl as well as the lack of adequate transport infrastructure. As for the logistic standpoint, the relationship between urban planning and transportation planning must be better exploited towards the promotion of quality of life, and economic and environmental sustainability. The attractiveness of urban activities that attract the movement of people and goods and other component elements of urban space should be investigated. The presence of bars and restaurants falls within this context and is therefore vital and responsible for a significant percentage of jobs and revenue in a city. This paper presents the results of a freight trip generation model developed for pubs and restaurants in Belo Horizonte (Brazil). The data for the freight trip generation model were obtained by survey. A structured questionnaire was designed to obtain information about goods, frequency, operational time, place of performance of the loading/unloading of goods, establishment size and the number of employees. In creating the proposed models, a simple linear regression was applied to correlate the following variables: (i) number of trips versus area of the establishment; (ii) number of trips versus number of employees; (iii) number of trips versus operation day of the establishment. With the results of the linear regression for trip generations, data interpolation was conducted based on the standard deviation of the results to define the sample classification bands. Finally, the resulting trip generation surface was analysed together with other geographic data such as demographic data, road network density and socioeconomic data. Findings indicate the importance of a mathematic-geographic model for trip generation as a feasible approach to support transportation planning & operation for urban goods distribution. Critical information such as the high concentration of pubs and restaurants in the same region can reinforce the vocation of the city for trading. However, an elevated number of freight vehicles to meet a high and growing demand becomes a problem especially in areas where the urban road network is not efficient (not properly designed and parking spaces not properly used). This study also highlights the need for an urban freight mobility plan and public policies, by offering sustainable alternatives for urban goods distribution, which improve the urban environment. By using geospatial analysis, the study delivered statistics data and maps to catch the attention of decision makers and transportation managers, therefore facilitating the discussion on transportation policies in the city of Belo Horizonte.