Selenium from selenium-rich Spirulina is less bioavailable than selenium from sodium selenite and selenomethionine in selenium-deficient rats

Abstract

The bioavailabilty of selenium (Se) from selenium-rich Spirulina (SeSp) was assessed in Se-deficient rats by measuring tissue Se accumulation and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity. For 42 d, rats were subjected to dietary Se depletion by consumption of a Torula yeast (TY)-based diet with no Se; controls were fed the same diet supplemented with 75 μg Se/kg diet as sodium selenite. Se-deficient rats were then repleted with Se (75 μg/kg) by the addition of sodium selenite, selenomethionine (SeMet) or SeSp to the TY basal diet. Selenium speciation in SeSp emphasized the quasi-absence of selenite (2% of total Se); organic Se comprised SeMet (∼18%), with the majority present in the form of two selenoproteins (20-30 kDa and 80 kDa). Gross absorption of Se from SeSp was significantly lower than from free SeMet and sodium selenite. SeMet was less effective than sodium selenite in restoring Se concentration in the liver but not in kidney. SeSp was always much less effective. Similarly, Se from SeSp was less effective than the other forms of Se in restoring GSH-Px activity, except in plasma and red blood cells where no differences were noted among the three sources. This was confirmed by measuring the bioavailability of Se by slope-ratio analysis using selenite as the reference form of Se. Although Se from SeSp did not replenish Se concentration and GSH-Px activity in most tissues to the same degree as the other forms of Se, we conclude that it is biologically useful and differently metabolized due to its chemical form.