Analysis of the Validity of Kuznets Curve of Energy Intensity among D-8 Countries: Panel-ARDL Approach

Abstract

The objective of the study is to test experimentally the Kuznets curve of energy intensity in selected developing countries (Iran, Turkey, Malaysia, Pakistan, Egypt, Bangladesh, Indonesia and Nigeria) with the focus of D-8 countries during 1990-2014. According to the results, and by using the static and dynamic estimators and the Panel- ARDL model, the Kuznets curve was accepted for energy intensity and the per capita income threshold was estimated $3931.25. The urbanization rate and the degree of industrialization have a positive and significant effect on the GDP of consuming energy of D-8 countries in the long term. The most important policy recommendations were discussed for policy-makers and researchers.