Effect of GLP-1 RA and SGLT2I on Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in T2DM: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract

Objective To evaluate the effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2Is) on oxidative stress biomarkers in adults (>18 years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from January 1, 2000, to August 15, 2024. Biomarkers included peroxidants (malondialdehyde [MDA] and others) and antioxidants (superoxide dismutase), glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity). Results Among 1976 patients with T2DM in 26 RCTs of GLP-1 RAs and 1124 patients with T2DM in 17 RCTs of SGLT2Is, significant reductions in serum MDA concentrations (-1.75; CI, -2.38 to -1.12; P