Perceived constraints and impacts of online learning experiences by Indonesian university students during COVID-19

Abstract

Introduction: Many educational institutions introduced online learning during COVID-19 to cope with the social distancing and lockdown policies. The students face challenges in adapting to new circumstances and the unprecedented use of technology. Thisstudyaimedtoidentifytheconstraints and impacts experienced by students during online learning. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design approach for 407 students who participated in online learning. Sampling used a non-probability technique, namely the snowball sampling technique. The constraints and impacts of online learning were measured using a questionnaire. The statistical test used the Pearson correlation test. Results: The results indicated a strong correlation between constraints and the impacts of online learning (p-value = 0.0001). Furthermore, a correlation test of constraints and each domain of online learning impacts was carried out. The statistical test results showed a correlation between constraints and impact caused by online learning, including with psychological (p-value = 0.0001, r = 0.67), physical (p-value = 0.0001, r = 0.51) and social (p-value = 0.0001, r = 0.62). Conclusion: Despite the constraints of online learning, it has helped students continue their education. Moreover, identifying constraints is essential in ensuring there is the utilization of various strategies that will help in the optimization of online learning and reduce its impacts of it.