Anti-inflammatory and Anti-arthritic Activities of Glycosylated Flavonoids from Syzygium jambos in Edematogenic Agent-Induced Paw Edema in Mice

Abstract

Two glycosylated flavonoids, the quercetin-3-O-β-d-xylofuranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside and myricetin-3-O-β-d-xylofuranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside, were isolated from the CH2Cl2/MeOH fraction of Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston, Myrtaceae. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic means. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was evaluated against the RAW 264.7 cell lines by the lactate dehydrogenase assay. All analyzed compounds were less cytotoxic than the positive control (actinomycin D, CC50 = 0.008 μM). The anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities were evaluated by measuring inflammatory parameters in murine models. The two glycosylated flavonoids inhibited the production of tumor necrosis factor-α in RAW 264.7 cell line with IC50 of 1.68 and 1.11 μM, respectively. In addition, all flavonoids decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen at a dose of 5 mg/kg in murine models. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].