The online environment as a risk factor for suicidal behaviour in adolescents: challenges for social work

Abstract

Introduction: The study examines the relationship between the use of digital environments and suicidal vulnerability among adolescents aged 15–18, emphasizing the implications for contemporary social work practice. The research responds to the growing need for evidence-based approaches to understanding how online interactions influence youth mental health, loneliness, and help-seeking behaviour. Methods: A mixed-methods design was employed. The quantitative component consisted of an electronic questionnaire administered to secondary-school students aged 15–18 (n = 168), verified for reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.87). The qualitative component comprised semi-structured interviews with six social workers, thematically analysed and independently coded in MAXQDA (κ = 0.91). All procedures were conducted in accordance with ethical standards and approved by the institutional ethics committee. Results: The findings indicate that the quality rather than quantity of online engagement significantly influences adolescents’ mental well-being. Participants who reported higher levels of loneliness expressed stronger support for the presence of mental-health professionals in digital spaces. Social workers identified cyberbullying, online loneliness, and exposure to suicidal content as major risks, but also recognized digital platforms as emerging opportunities for early prevention and psychosocial support. Conclusion: The results highlight the urgent need to strengthen digital competencies, ethical awareness, and online intervention skills in social work. Developing inclusive, evidence-based prevention strategies tailored to adolescents’ digital environments is essential for reducing online risks and promoting youth mental health.