Non-Coding RNAs: A Dynamic and Complex Network of Gene Regulation

Abstract

It has been estimated that less than two percent of the mammalian genome encodes proteins, rest of the genome which was earlier considered as junk DNA is the treasure trove of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Many ncRNAs have now been characterized. They constitute one of the largest families of gene regulators that are found in plants and animals. They form a complex network and have key roles in diverse regulatory pathways involved in human health and disease. In this review, different types of ncRNAs, their biogenesis, structure, function and evolutionary significance is showcased.