Spectrophotometric SPF Assessment and Phytochemical Screening of Pleiogynium cerasiferum Leaf Extracts

Abstract

Background: Concerns over the environmental impact and potential health risks associated with synthetic Ultraviolet (UV) filters have intensified the search for natural, eco-friendly alternatives in sun protection formulations. In this study, we investigated the sun protection factor (SPF) of Pleiogynium cerasiferum leaves extracts using ethanol, aqueous and Petroleum ether as extraction solvents to assess their potential as natural UV-absorbing agents. Materials and Methods: Pleiogynium cerasiferum leaves extracts were analyzed using UV spectrophotometry via the Mansur equation, measuring absorbance across the UVB spectrum. Preliminary phytochemical analysis was conducted to identify major bioactive compounds. These analyses provided insights into the extracts potential bioactivity. Results: The preliminary phytochemical analysis of Pleiogynium cerasiferum extracts confirmed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, saponins, and phenols. Additionally, these extracts exhibited significant sun-protective properties. The ethanol extract demonstrated a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value of 3.92, whereas the aqueous extract and petroleum ether extract showed SPF values of 1.10 and 0.36, respectively. Conclusion: The significant SPF values observed in Pleiogynium cerasiferum extracts highlight their potential as valuable additions to sunscreen formulations, enhancing sun protection while reducing dependence on synthetic UV filters. Furthermore, the incorporation of these natural extracts aligns with the growing demand for sustainable skincare solutions, offering benefits for both environmental safety and consumer health. These findings indicate that the extraction solvent plays a crucial role in isolating bioactive compounds responsible for UV absorption. The study highlights the potential of Pleiogynium cerasiferum as a natural source of photoprotective agents, warranting further investigation into its formulation for sunscreen applications.