Apparent Magnitudes in an Inhomogeneous Universe: The Global Viewpoint

Abstract

Apparent magnitudes are important for high-precision cosmology. It is generally accepted that weak gravitational lensing does not affect the relationship between apparent magnitude and redshift. By considering metric perturbations, it is shown that objects observed in an inhomogeneous universe have, on average, higher apparent magnitudes than those observed at the same redshift in a homogeneous universe.