Trans -Presentation of IL-15 by Intestinal Epithelial Cells Drives Development of CD8αα IELs

Abstract

IL-15 is crucial for the development of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and delivery is mediated by a unique mechanism known as trans-presentation. Parenchymal cells have a major role in the trans-presentation of IL-15 to IELs, but the specific identity of this cell type is unknown. To investigate whether the intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) are the parenchymal cell type involved, a mouse model that expresses IL-15Rα exclusively by the IECs (Villin/IL-15Rα Tg) was generated. Exclusive expression of IL-15Rα by the IECs restored all the deficiencies in the CD8αα+TCRαβ+and CD8αα+TCRγδ+ subsets that exist in the absence of IL-15Rα. Interestingly, most of the IEL recovery was due to the preferential increase in Thy1low IELs, which compose a majority of the IEL population. The differentiation of Thy1highCD4−CD8− thymocytes into Thy1−CD8αα IELs was found to require IL-15Rα expression specifically by IECs and thus, provides evidence that differentiation of Thy1low IELs is one function of trans-presentation of IL-15 in the intestines. In addition to effects in IEL differentiation, trans-presentation of IL-15 by IECs also resulted in an increase in IEL numbers that was accompanied by increases in Bcl-2, but not proliferation. Collectively, this study demonstrates that trans-presentation of IL-15 by IECs alone is completely sufficient to direct the IL-15-mediated development of CD8αα+ T cell populations within the IEL compartment, which now includes a newly identified role of IL-15 in the differentiation of Thy1low IELs.