Anticancer drug oxaliplatin induces acute cooling-aggravated neuropathy via sodium channel subtype Na V1.6-resurgent and persistent current

Abstract

Infusion of the chemotherapeutic agent oxaliplatin leads to an acute and a chronic formof peripheral neuropathy. Acute oxaliplatin neuropathy is characterized by sensory paresthesias and muscle cramps that are notably exacerbated by cooling. Painful dysesthesias are rarely reported for acute oxaliplatin neuropathy, whereas a common symptom of chronic oxaliplatin neuropathy is pain. Here we examine the role of the sodium channel isoform Na V1.6 in mediating the symptoms of acute oxaliplatin neuropathy. Compound and single-action potential recordings fromhuman andmouse peripheral axons showed that cooling in the presence of oxaliplatin (30-100 μM; 90 min) induced bursts of action potentials in myelinated A, but not unmyelinated C-fibers. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from dissociated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons revealed enhanced tetrodotoxin-sensitive resurgent and persistent current amplitudes in large, but not small, diameter DRG neurons when cooled (22°C) in the presence of oxaliplatin. In DRG neurons and peripheral myelinated axons from Scn8a med/med mice, which lack functional Na V1.6, no effect of oxaliplatin and cooling was observed. Oxaliplatin significantly slows the rate of fast inactivation at negative potentials in heterologously expressed mNa V1.6r in ND7 cells, an effect consistent with prolonged Na V open times and increased resurgent and persistent current in native DRG neurons. This finding suggests that Na V1.6 plays a central role in mediating acute cooling-exacerbated symptoms following oxaliplatin, and that enhanced resurgent and persistent sodium currents may provide a general mechanistic basis for cold-aggravated symptoms of neuropathy.