THE USE SKIN STARCH OF JACKFRUIT (Artocarpus heterophyllus) AND CHITOSAN IN A BIOPLASTIC PRODUCTION WITH THE ADDITION OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) AS PLASTICIZER

Abstract

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan konsentrasi terbaik pada perbandingan pati kulit nangka dan kitosan dengan penambahan virgin coconut oil (VCO) sebagai plasticizer serta karakteristik bioplastik. Metode penelitian terdiri dari tahapan sebagai berikut: ekstraksi pati kulit nangka yang menggunakan dua proses yaitu proses delignifikasi dan proses bleaching. Pembuatan bioplastik dengan perlakuan sebagai berikut: Pati kulit nangka: kitosan masing-masing dengan perbandingan P1 = 100%:0%; P2 = 85%:15%; P3 = 70%:30% dan P4 = 55%:45% dengan penambahan VCO sebesar 10% dari total pati kulit nangka dan kitosan dan dilakukan pengadukan selama 1 jam hingga homogen. Larutan yang dihasilkan kemudian dicetak pada cetakan kaca dengan ukuran 20 x 15 cm dan dikeringkan dalam oven pada suhu 60 o C selama 6 jam. Bioplastik didinginkan pada suhu kamar selama 6 jam kemudian dilepaskan dari pelat kaca dan distabilkan dalam desikator sebelum dianalisis. Analisis data menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 taraf perlakuan dan tiga kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa penambahan kitosan dan VCO berpengaruh sangat nyata (p<0.05) terhadap karakteristik bioplastik. Rasio perlakuan terbaik yang diperoleh pada perbandingan pati kulit nangka : kitosan 55%:45% dengan nilai ketebalan 0,1682 mm, kuat tarik 0,5933 MPA, daya serap air 20% dan uji biodegrabilitas sebesar 50% yang dapat terdegradasi selama 3 minggu. Kata Kunci: Bioplastik, pati kulit nangka, kitosan, virgin coconut oil Abstract: This study aims to determine the best concentration on the comparison of jackfruit skin starch and chitosan with the addition of virgin coconut oil (VCO) as a plasticizer and the characteristics of bioplastics. The research method consisted of the following steps: extracting jackfruit skin starch using two processes, namely the delignification process and the bleaching process. The producing of bioplastics was carried out with the following treatments: Jackfruit skin starch: chitosan, each with a ratio of P1= 100%:0%; P2 = 85%:15%; P3 = 70%:30% and P4 = 55%:45% with the addition of VCO of 10% of the total starch of jackfruit skin and chitosan and stirred for 1 hour until homogeneous. The resulting solution was then printed on a glass mold with a size of 20 x 15 cm and dried in an oven at 60 o C for 6 hours. The bioplastics were cooled at room temperature for 6 hours then removed from the glass plate and stabilized in a desiccator before being analyzed. Data analysis used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with 4 treatment levels and three replications. The results showed that the addition of chitosan and VCO had a very significant effect (p<0.05) on the characteristics of bioplastics. The best treatment ratio was obtained in the ratio of jackfruit skin starch: chitosan 55%:45% with each thickness value of 0.1682 mm, tensile strength of 0.5933 MPA, 20% water absorption and 50% biodegradability test which can be degraded for 3 weeks.