Anticancer and antimicrobial potential of zinc/sodium alginate/polyethylene glycol/D-pinitol nanocomposites against osteosarcoma MG-63 cells

Abstract

Background - The field of nanomedicine has attracted much interest and is now serving as the impetus for many revolutionary advances in the pharmaceutical industry. Objectives - In the current exploration, we intended to fabricate the zinc/sodium alginate/polyethylene glycol/D-pinitol nanocomposites (ZSP/D-Pin/NCs) and evaluate their antimicrobial and anticancer properties against MG-63 cells. Methods - ZSP/D-Pin/NCs were synthesized and characterized using several techniques and their cytotoxicity was examined against osteosarcoma MG-63 cells and normal 3T3 cells using the MTT assay. The levels of oxidative stress and apoptotic protein were examined using assay kits and fluorescence staining. Results and Conclusion - The findings of several characterization studies revealed the development of agglomerated and crystalline ZSP/D-Pin/NCs. The antimicrobial assay demonstrated that ZSP/D-Pin/NCs substantially inhibited the growth of pathogens. Additionally, the MG-63 cell viability, which was exposed to several doses (1-20 µg) of ZSP/D-Pin/NCs, showed a remarkable decrease at various time periods, i.e., 24, 48, and 72 h without showing toxicity in 3T3 cells. The results of the fluorescence staining assay demonstrated that ZSP/D-Pin/NCs considerably increased apoptosis in the MG-63 cells by triggering oxidative stress. The antioxidants were reduced and upregulated the Bax and caspase expressions in ZSP/D-Pin/NC-treated MG-63 cells.