Outcomes of patients with COPD hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019

Abstract

Rationale: There is controversy concerning the association of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as an independent risk factor for mortality in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We hypothesize that patients with COPD hospitalized for COVID-19 have increased mortality risk. Objective: To assess whether COPD increased the risk of mortality among patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of patients with COVID-19 between February 10, 2020, and November 10, 2020, and hospitalized within 14 days of diagnosis. Electronic health records from U.S. facilities (Optum COVID-19 data) were used. Results: In our cohort of 31,526 patients, 3030 (9.6%) died during hospitalization. Mortality in patients with COPD was higher than that of patients without COPD, 14.02% and 8.8%, respectively. Univariate (odds ratio [OR] 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.54 to1.84) and multivariate (OR 1.33; 95% CI 1.18 to1.50) analysis showed that patients with COPD had greater odds of death due to COVID-19 than patients without COPD. We found significant interactions between COPD and sex and COPD and age. Specifically, the increased mortality risk associated with COPD was observed among female (OR 1.62; 95% CI 1.36 to 1.95) but not male patients (OR 1.14; 95% CI 0.97 to 1.34); and in patients aged 40 to 64 (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.90) and 65 to 79 (OR 1.48; 95% CI 1.23 to 1.78) years. Conclusions: COPD is an independent risk factor for death in adults aged 40 to 79 years hospitalized with COVID-19 infection.