Synthesis, Characterization, and Investigation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Cetylpyridinium Tetrachlorozincate

Abstract

Cetylpyridinium tetrachlorozincate (referred to herein as (CP)2ZnCl4) was synthesized and its solid-state structure was elucidated via single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD), revealing a stoichiometry of C42H76Cl4N2Zn with two cetylpyridinium (CP) cations per [ZnCl4]2- tetrahedra. Crystal structures at 100 and 298 K exhibited a zig-zag pattern with alternating alkyl chains and zinc units. The material showed potential for application as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, to reduce volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) generated by bacteria, and in the fabrication of advanced functional materials. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of (CP)2ZnCl4 was 60, 6, and 6 μg mL-1 for Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus mutans, respectively. The MIC values of (CP)2ZnCl4 were comparable to that of pure cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), despite the fact that approximately 16% of the bactericidal CPC is replaced with bacteriostatic ZnCl2 in the structure. A modified layer-by-layer deposition technique was implemented to synthesize mesoporous silica (i.e., SBA-15) loaded with approximately 9.0 wt % CPC and 8.9 wt % Zn.