Overview of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and medications for disease progression

Abstract

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscle movement. The progression of ALS varies, but generally follows a predictable pattern. There is no cure for ALS, and treatment is focused on managing symptoms and maximizing quality of life. Medications such as riluzole and edaravone are commonly prescribed to manage symptoms and slow the disease progression. Riluzole works by reducing the release of glutamate, a neurotransmitter that can damage motor neurons, modulating voltage-gated sodium channels, and stabilizing intracellular calcium levels. Clinical trials have demonstrated that riluzole can help slow the progression of ALS, though it does not cure the disease. It is important to note that riluzole is not effective for all patients with ALS, and its benefits are modest. Therefore, it is important to discuss the potential benefits and risks of riluzole with a health-care provider before starting treatment.