Transfer phenomena and interactions of non-aqueous phase liquids in soil and groundwater

Abstract

Non-aqueous phase liquids are water immiscible organic liquids that are widely encountered in the environment. Exemplar NAPLs include chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents, petroleum products, and waste products such as coal tar. Real-world NAPLs are usually multi-component solution mixtures, and many of the components in NAPLs pose a major challenge to soil, air, and water quality. The purpose of this manuscript is to examine the key physico-chemical properties of NAPLs and how these affect the behaviour of NAPLs in the sub-surface environment.