Arsenic exposure and risk of skin cancer (melanoma and non-melanoma): A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Arsenic, recognized as a potentially lethal substance and a carcinogen, has been associated with an increased risk of skin cancer; however, the findings have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of arsenic exposure on skin cancer risk (including melanoma and non-melanoma) through a meta-analysis of the available data. Objectives: To assess the risk of skin cancer from arsenic exposure. Methods: Searches were performed in databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and CNKI (as of June 10, 2024). The pooled odds ratio (OR) and its 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) were calculated using a random effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed considering sample size, study centers, U.S. regions, arsenic exposure routes, and measurement methods. Results: A total of 12 papers were included, comprising 48,003 participants. The findings indicated an association between arsenic exposure and the risk of skin cancer ([OR = 1.51], 95% CI 1.26–1.80). Specifically, the OR was 1.52 (95% CI 1.06–2.17) for melanoma, 1.64 (95% CI 1.16–2.32) for squamous cell carcinoma, and 1.36 (95% CI 1.04–1.77) for basal cell carcinoma. Subgroup analyses also revealed an association between arsenic exposure and skin cancer in the United States (OR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.25–1.87). Both ingestion and inhalation pathways of arsenic exposure showed a trend toward an increased risk of skin cancer. Study limitations: An important limitation of this study is a degree of heterogeneity, and another is due to the limited number of research papers available. Conclusion: This meta-analysis indicates that arsenic exposure may be associated with an elevated risk of skin cancer. Additional prospective research is necessary to verify the association between arsenic exposure and the incidence of skin cancer, encompassing both cutaneous malignant melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer.