CRISPR cas7 influences the host–pathogen interaction of Porphyromonas gingivalis

Abstract

Introduction: Porphyromonas gingivalis, a Gram-negative anaerobe, is a key contributor to periodontal disease. Emerging evidence suggests a role for the P. gingivalis CRISPR-Cas system in disease progression, although the specific roles of its components remain unclear. Objectives: Here we investigate the role of cas7, a Class 1 type I-B CRISPR-Cas system component, in P. gingivalis physiology and host interaction. Methods: We compared P. gingivalis wild-type and ∆cas7 strains for growth, biofilm formation, oxidative stress resistance, and hemagglutination. Host interactions were assessed using THP-1 macrophage-like cells to evaluate intracellular survival and cytokine response. Dual RNA-seq enabled host and microbe transcriptomic profiling during cellular infection, and Galleria mellonella was used to assess virulence. Results: The ∆cas7 mutant showed similar planktonic growth and biofilm formation compared to wild-type but was more sensitive to oxidative stress and had reduced hemagglutination. Although intracellular survival was unaffected, ∆cas7 altered the host cytokine production profile. Transcriptomic analysis revealed differential gene expression linked to oxidative stress and disease progression. In vivo, ∆cas7 infection led to a trend of increased larval mortality. Conclusion: These findings reveal a previously unrecognized role for cas7 in modulating P. gingivalis virulence, offering new insights into CRISPR-Cas system functions in bacterial pathogenesis.