A suppressor of a mating-type limited zygotic lethal allele also suppresses uniparental chloroplast gene transmission in Chlamydomonas monoica

Abstract

Uniparental inheritance of Chlamydomonas chloroplast genes is thought to involve modification of maternal (mt+) chloroplast genomes to protect against a nuclease that is activated after gamete fusion. The mating-type limited mtl-1 mutant strain of Chlamydomonas monoica is unable to protect mt+-derived chloroplast DNA. Zygotes homozygous for mtl-1 lose all chloroplast DNA and fail to germinate. We have selected for suppression of this zygote-specific lethality, and have obtained 20 mutant strains that produce viable homozygotes despite the continued presence of the mtl-1 allele. Genetic analysis indicates that the suppressor mutations are all recessive alleles at a single locus (sup-1) which is unlinked to mtl-1. Crosses between sup-1 strains carrying distinctive chloroplast antibiotic resistance markers also show predominantly biparental chloroplast gene transmission. Chloroplast nucleoids of both parental origins (stained with the DNA-specific fluorochrome, DAPI) are retained in the zygotes homozygous for sup-1. The data are compatible with the idea that the sup-1 (suppressor of uniparental inheritance) locus may encode a chloroplast DNA nuclease that is expressed from both parental genomes.