Nanoscience: an overview about nanotheranostics for cancer treatment

Abstract

Nanotechnology is a growing advanced field with immense applications in new cancer diagnostic platforms. Nanoparticles have been utilized for improving diagnosis treatment of various disease like cancer. Nanotechnology has enabled an approach utilizing nanoparticles with an ability to passively accumulate at tumor sites, making them a perfect alternative to conventional approaches in cancer treatment. Nanoparticles were examined for varieties of clinical uses, which include drug transporter, gene transport to tumors, imaging contrasting agents on basis of its most subtle selectivity and multitudinous estimation capacity. Nanoparticles can be utilized in targeted drug delivery with an advantage such as biocompatibility and reduced toxicity. Nanoparticles have various effects such as high surface to volume ratio that helps in its binding, absorption and transportation of small biomolecules, such as deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid drugs and protein molecules to the targeted site, thereby increasing the effect of therapeutic agents. Above advantages making them much distinct and effective in comparison to conventional approaches in cancer treatment. This review will summarize about nanoparticles for cancer detection and nano vehicles used in drug delivery.