The Association Between Health Belief Model Components and Self-Care Practices Among Black/African American Men with Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of the Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs on self-care behaviors among Black/African American men with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). A cross-sectional survey was conducted from February to June 2024, involving 1225 Black/African American men aged 21 years or older who self-reported a T2D diagnosis. The survey included HBM constructs, and self-care behaviors measured using established scales. Statistical analyses, including multiple linear regression, were performed to assess the relationships between HBM components and self-care practices, adjusted by demographic factors such as age, education, and income. The study found that self-efficacy was the strongest predictor of self-care behaviors across all domains (β = 0.055, p < 0.001). Perceived susceptibility was positively associated with healthful eating (β = 0.042, p = 0.038), glucose monitoring (β = 0.117, p < 0.001), and foot care (β = 0.140, p < 0.001). Perceived severity was positively linked to diet adherence (β = 0.015, p < 0.001) and glucose monitoring (β = 0.028, p < 0.001). Perceived barriers were negatively associated with self-care practices, including glucose monitoring (β = −0.047, p < 0.001). However, perceived benefits did not significantly impact overall self-care behaviors (β = 0.001, p = 0.893). Self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility, and perceived severity were significant predictors of self-care behaviors among Black/African American men with T2D. In particular, interventions aimed at enhancing self-efficacy, addressing barriers, and promoting awareness of diabetes risks may improve diabetes management and self-care behaviors in this population.