High-throughput determination of enantiopurity in atroposelective synthesis of aryl triazoles

Abstract

Atropisomeric scaffolds are a common design element found in pharmaceuticals, many deriving from an N-C axis of chirality. The handedness associated with atropisomeric drugs is oftentimes crucial for their efficacy and/or safety. With the increased use of high-throughput screening (HTS) for drug discovery, the need for rapid enantiomeric excess (ee) analysis is needed to keep up with the fast workflow. Here, we describe a circular dichroism (CD) based assay that could be applied to the ee determination of N-C axially chiral triazole derivatives. Analytical samples for CD were prepared from crude mixtures by three sequential steps: liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), a wash-elute, and complexation with Cu(ii) triflate. The initial ee measurement of five samples of atropisomer 2 was conducted by the use of a CD spectropolarimeter with a 6-position cell changer, resulting in errors of less than 1% ee. High-throughput ee determination was performed on a CD plate reader using a 96-well plate. A total of 28 atropisomeric samples (14 for 2 and 14 for 3) were screened for ee. The CD readings were completed in 60 seconds with average absolute errors of ±7.2% and 5.7% ee for 2 and 3, respectively.