Mechanism of MSCs Differentiation into Hepatocyte-Like Cells: The Role of Cytokines and Chemical Compounds

Abstract

Background: The comprehensive mechanism of MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells) differentiation into hepatocytes is still not clear. Yet it is certain that the growth and differentiation of MSCs are regulated by the interaction of specific extracellular mediators. Meanwhile, various kinds of cytokines and chemical compounds have shown certain effects on hepatocyte differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, certain mechanism of cytokines and combination of protocol of cytokines has been well explored, while others are remain unclear. Data Sources: A [pub med /Medline] search was performed on the topic of " mesenchymal stem cells " , " hepatocytes " , " cytokines " and " chemical " . The relevant articles published in the past fifteen years were reviewed. Conclusions: Most adult tissues and organs are derived from the process of mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) and its reverse process EMT. Wnt pathways play an important role in switching on the EMT regulatory program. Someof the important cytokines and chemical compounds such as FGFs, BMP and norepinephrine are involved in this pathway. The major cytokines like HGF, EGF and Dexamethas are involved in DNA modification. The formulation of the " optimal " cytokine / growth factor combinations is still at an immature stage of development depending upon sources and types of MSCs.