Amelioration of rat antigen-induced arthritis by liposomally conjugated methotrexate is accompanied by down-regulation of cytokine mRNA expression

Abstract

Objectives. We examined the temporal changes in the expression of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the rat antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) model and investigated how their expression was modulated following disease amelioration by liposomally conjugated methotrexate (G-MLV). Methods. On the day of arthritis induction (day 0), rats were treated with a single intra-articular injection of G-MLV, methotrexate (MTX), a dose of lipid equivalent to G-MLV (E-LIPO) or saline. On days 3 and 7 after disease induction, animals from each experimental group were killed. Joint tissue was examined histologically and for mRNA expression (IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α) using semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results. There was no significant difference (ANOVA) in knee swelling between MTX-, E-MLV-or saline-treated animals from day 0 to day 7. By day 1, G-MLV significantly reduced knee swelling (1.94±0.12 mm; P<0.0001) compared with rats treated with MTX (3.17±0.18 mm). G-MLV treatment also significantly inhibited the histological progression of AIA. This reduction in disease severity was accompanied by a reduction in IL-1β mRNA expression in synovial tissue extracts on day 3 and IL-6 mRNA expression on both day 3 and day 7. Conclusions. Liposomally conjugated MTX may exert its beneficial effects in experimental arthritis through IL-1β and IL-6 inhibition.