The Role of Socioeconomic Conditions in the Severity of Violence Against Women: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Aim: Violence against women is a widespread public health issue that leads to severe physical, psychological, and economic consequences. Socioeconomic conditions are known to significantly influence the prevalence and severity of such violence. This study aims to examine the impact of socioeconomic factors on the severity of violence experienced by women presenting to the emergency department. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, including 60 cases of violence against women presenting to the emergency department between April 2022 and April 2023. Data were collected using the "Domestic Violence Against Women Registration Form" and analyzed to assess the relationship between socioeconomic factors (education, employment status, smoking, and alcohol use) and the severity of violence. Results: The median age of the victims was 31.5 years, and most were married (93.3%), had children (70%), had primary education (65%), and were unemployed (76.7%). Women who smoked (35%) or consumed alcohol (5%) experienced significantly more severe violence. Similarly, women with primary education experienced more severe violence than those with secondary or higher education. Most cases occurred at home (90%) and were perpetrated by spouses (88.3%). Children witnessed violence in 63.3% of cases, and 16.7% were directly subjected to it. A history of previous violence was reported in 75% of cases. Conclusion: Socioeconomic factors, such as low education and unemployment, are closely linked to the severity of violence against women. Smoking consumption, duration of violence and a history of perpetrating violence were associated with increased severity of violence. These findings highlight the need for targeted social and legal interventions to address the vulnerabilities of women exposed to violence.