Hinged and wide: A new p^p ligand for emissive [Cu(p^P)(n^N)][PF6] complexes

Abstract

Heteroleptic [Cu(BIPHEP)(N^N)][PF6] complexes (BIPHEP = 1,1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diylbis(diphenylphosphane)), in which N^N is 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy), 6-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine (6-Mebpy), 6-ethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (6-Etbpy), or 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (5,5'-Me2bpy), have been synthesized and characterized using multinuclear NMR spectroscopies and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The single crystal structures of [Cu(BIPHEP)(bpy)][PF6]·CH2Cl2, [Cu(BIPHEP)(5,5'-Me2bpy)][PF6]·CH2Cl2, [Cu(BIPHEP)(6-Mebpy)][PF6]·Et2O·0.5H2O and [Cu(BIPHEP) (6-Etbpy)][PF6] confirm distorted tetrahedral {Cu(P^P)(N^N)} coordination environments. Each compound shows a quasi-reversible Cu+/Cu2+ process. In deaerated solution, the compounds are weak emitters. Powdered samples are yellow emitters (λemmax in the range 558–583 nm) and [Cu(BIPHEP)(5,5'-Me2bpy)][PF6] exhibits the highest photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY = 14%). On cooling to 77 K (frozen 2-methyloxolane), the emission maxima are red-shifted and the excited state lifetimes increase from τ1/2 < 8 µs, to τ1/2 values of up to 53 µs, consistent with the compounds with N^N = 6-Mebpy, 6-Etbpy and 5,5'-Me2bpy exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF).