Comparação de cenários de tratamento de residues sólidos urbanos por meio da técnica da Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida: O caso do município de Garibaldi, RS

Abstract

The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has emerged as an effective technique to evaluate municipal solid waste management systems (MSW), serving as support for decision making of the best model to be adopted. The objective of this research was to analyze scenarios through the LCA technique in the city of Garibaldi, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, comparing different alternatives of treatment and final disposal of MSW under the environmental aspect, and contribute to decision making, based on the study of the city of Garibaldi (RS). Five scenarios were simulated integrating processes such as recycling, composting, anaerobic digestion and incineration, for which the Life Cycle Inventory was prepared by means of the IWM-2 software, which calculates the evaluated treatment technologies by products and their respective life cycle inventories, in terms of energy consumption, emissions to water, air, and soil. For the Life Cycle Impact Assessment, calculations were applied to the categories of environmental impact, namely climate change, photo-oxidants formation, acidification, eutrophication and human toxicity, and indicators of energy use and recyclable and organic waste disposal into landfills. The scenarios that contemplated recycling associated with composting, recycling associated with anaerobic digestion followed by composting, and recycling associated with composting with incineration of waste and with energy recovery presented the best environmental performance, so they are indicated as possible treatment solutions for municipal solid waste in the case that was analyzed.