Recent developments in synthesis of MgCo2O4 nanomaterials and its composites for energy storage, catalysis and sensing applications – A review

Abstract

The rapid progression of nanotechnology has revolutionized material science, enabling the development of advanced nanomaterials with remarkable properties that surpass their bulk counterparts. Among these, spinel metal oxides—particularly cobaltites—have drawn a plethora of interest because of their exceptional magnetic, catalytic, and thermal stability. Magnesium cobaltite nanoparticles (MgCo2O4 NPs), a prominent member of this class, have emerged as a highly versatile material with applications spanning from energy storage, catalysis and gas sensing. It is a good contender for incorporation into next-generation technology due to its exceptional thermal stability, robust magnetic behavior, and high electrical conductivity. The synthesis of MgCo2O4 NPs involves various techniques, including sol–gel, co-precipitation, hydrothermal, and combustion methods, each tailored to achieve specific structural and functional characteristics. This review offers a thorough examination of diverse synthesis strategies and a thorough description of the various parameters affecting the size, morphology, and applications. By addressing recent advancements and ongoing challenges, this article offers valuable insights into the potential of MgCo2O4 NPs, paving the way for their broader utilization in technological and industrial domains.