Lung cancer screening in limited resource regions: the 3rd Brazilian Early Lung Cancer Trial (BRELT3/mobile ProPulmão)

Abstract

Aims: To describe tomographic findings in a high-risk lung cancer population in resource-limited Brazilian areas, quantify pulmonary nodules and lung cancer frequency, analyze challenges in lung cancer screening within the Brazilian public health system, assess lung function in individuals with moderate or severe emphysema, and evaluate the role of community health agents in recruiting high-risk populations. Methods: This is a prospective, single-arm, longitudinal observational study involving individuals aged 50–80 years, current or former smokers with a smoking history of at least 20 pack-years, undergoing low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) with a 12-month follow-up. Screening results are classified according to Lung-RADS v2022 standards, with those rated as 3 or 4 undergoing further diagnostic assessments. The study aims to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of lung cancer screening in socially vulnerable populations within resource-limited settings, providing essential insights to reduce mortality and improve health outcomes. Conclusions: The findings will assist the development of policies on lung cancer screening in the public health system. The study’s dissemination plan includes a website, social media, and participation in scientific conferences.