Algorithms for technical integration of virtual power plants into German system operation

Abstract

This paper critically evaluates the operational perspective of Virtual Power Plants (VPP) in Germany by analyzing key factors to replace conventional power plants in the future power system. Therefore, its necessity for the secure operation as well as the technical and economic benefits for the German power system are pointed out. The single sections describe in detail how the requirements on technical functions and standardized communication can be reconciled with the increasing challenges on volatile generation. Furthermore, different operation concepts (profit maximization, intra-day schedule loyalty and system services maximization) are described with respect to their mathematical algorithms and their practical feasibility under consideration of given circumstances and future developments. The impact on the power system by the different possible VPP-operational concepts are exemplary pointed out in a case study with use of a medium voltage Cigre-Benchmark Network. The results indicate a high impact on hand-over points by VPP operational concepts.