Bartholin Cysts: A Mini Review of Etiology, Diagnosis, And Modern Treatment Modalities

Abstract

The Bartholin glands, also known as the larger vestibular glands, are two small structures located bilaterally atthe 4 and 8 o’clock positions near the vaginal introitus. They play a critical role in vaginal lubrication duringsexual arousal. Bartholin cysts, affecting approximately 2% of reproductive-aged women, result fromobstruction of the gland’s ducts due to inflammation, infection, or trauma. Hormonal influences contribute totheir prevalence, particularly after puberty until menopause. Bartholin cysts form when fluid accumulates withinthe blocked duct, typically remaining asymptomatic. However, some may cause pain, discomfort, or infection,leading to a Bartholin abscess characterized by redness, warmth, and pus. These conditions are classified asinfectious or non-infectious and require thorough gynaecological examination to exclude other pathologiessuch as tumours or severe infections.