Type 2 Diabetes and Developmental Origin of Non-Alcohol Fatty Liver Disease and Future Directions of Treatment

Abstract

Non-alcohol fatty liver disease is a large public health problem developed earlier during intrauterine life as a result of gestational or type 2 diabetes. The disease is associated with altered liver enzymes, lipid accumulation and hepatic steatosis due to hepatic de novo lipogenesis. Multiple factors are associated in the development of the disease such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator, B-cell dysfunction and abnormal metabolism of mitochondria, lysosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex. These factors are discussed in details. Different approaches of drug-treatment, phyto-& gene therapy are illustrated. Role of type 2 or gestational diabetes on developmental origin of fatty liver. The interrelationship between type 2 diabetes and obesity and fetus's liver. Role of cytoplasmic organelles in de novo lipogenesis, inflammation, and hepatocyte cell death. Future direction of drug-treatment, phyto-and gene-therapy.