Water mass formation from revised COADS data

Abstract

Surface heat and freshwater fluxes from the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set are revised and used diagnostically to compute air-sea transformation rates on density, temperature, and salinity classes over the domain of the data. Maximum rates occur over the warmest water and over mode waters, which are the dominant result of air-sea interaction. Transformation in different oceans is accordingly distinguished by temperature and salinity, just as water masses in different oceans are so distinguished, Calculations for several seas in the North Atlantic, where deep water is thought to originate, are also presented. -from Authors