CYBERCRIME VULNERABILITY AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN MALAYSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL DECEPTION

Abstract

This study explores the growing phenomenon of cybercrime targeting older adult individuals in Malaysia, a demographic increasingly susceptible due to factors such as limited digital literacy, social isolation, and perceived financial stability. Drawing upon Routine Activity Theory and Social Engineering Theory, the research investigates the situational and psychological vulnerabilities that expose senior citizens to scams, particularly phishing, identity theft, and impersonation-based fraud. Utilizing a phenomenological qualitative approach, interviews were conducted with 13 Malaysian seniors aged 60 and above to examine their personal experiences, awareness levels, and emotional responses related to cybercrime victimization. Findings revealed that while only a minority had been direct victims, the emotional toll— including trauma, shame, and anxiety—was significant across the board. Scam tactics often involved impersonation of authority figures and manipulation through urgency or emotional grooming. The study emphasizes the dual impact of cybercrime: financial losses and long-term psychological distress. It concludes that current institutional measures, though important, must be supplemented by age-targeted education, simplified security tools, and psychosocial support to effectively mitigate risks. This research provides critical insights for policymakers, financial institutions, and digital educators in building inclusive and safer online environments for Malaysia’s aging population.