Association of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-associated Disease with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination and Infection: A Case Report of Cortical Encephalitis and Transverse Myelitis Relapse

Abstract

We herein report a case of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) that occurred following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and its subsequent relapse after COVID-19 infection. A 34-year-old woman developed cortical encephalitis in the right temporoparietal lobe one week after receiving the mRNA-1273 vaccine. The cerebrospinal fluid was positive for anti-MOG antibody. Her symptoms gradually improved after three courses of intravenous methylprednisolone therapy. Six months later, she experienced a relapse of transverse myelitis following COVID-19 infection. Despite treatment with plasma exchange, the patient remained paralyzed in both lower limbs. We herein review the relationship between MOGAD and COVID-19 vaccination/infection.