Nutritional and sensory quality of composite extruded complementary food

Abstract

Complementary foods in Ethiopia have nutritional and sensory limitations which can be attributed to cereal-dominated ingredients and lack of appropriate processing techniques. This study aimed to optimize the nutritional and sensory quality of complementary food product through compositing and extrusion of various local ingredients. A constrained D-optimal mixture experiment with 13 runs was designed. Accordingly, 55–65 g/100 g oats, 11–23 g/100 g soybean and 6–11 g/100 g linseed, and a premix of 9.9 g/100 g sugar, 0.6 g/100 g table salt, three g/100 g moringa and 1.5 g/100 g fenugreek were blended and extruded using a co-rotating twin screw extruder with set parameters. Statistical model evaluation and optimization were done using Minitab version 16 software package. There is a statistically significant (p < 0.05) association between the blend of oats and soybean, oats and linseed, soybean and linseed, and the protein, fat, carbohydrate, fiber, ash, β-carotene content as well as aroma, taste, and consistency. On the contrary, there is a no statistically significant (p < 0.05) association between the blends and moisture, energy, and zinc content together with appearance and overall acceptability. The optimal blending ratio was 55.0 g/100 g oats, 21.0 g/100 g soybean, and 9.0 g/100 g linseed plus 15.0 g/100 g premix. Evidence-based selection of locally grown plant-based ingredients, an optimal mixture of these ingredients and optimal processing, can result in a complementary food product with an improved dietary quality for children in low-income settings.