Overview of the Use of Co-creation Tools for the Design of Sustainable Buildings

Abstract

The transition toward sustainable building design increasingly emphasizes participatory approaches, where diverse stakeholders contribute to shaping solutions that balance environmental performance, social needs, and economic viability. This study provides an overview of the application of co-creation tools in the design process of sustainable buildings. Drawing on recent literature and practice-based examples, we examine how tools such as participatory design workshops, digital twins, virtual and augmented reality environments, and collaborative BIM platforms enable deeper engagement of users, designers, and decision-makers. The analysis identifies key benefits of co-creation, including improved user satisfaction, enhanced design adaptability, and stronger alignment with sustainability goals. It also explores challenges such as stakeholder coordination, data interoperability, and the need for capacity building in participatory methods. The study synthesizes findings across academic, professional, and policy domains to propose a typology of co-creation tools most relevant to sustainable architecture. The insights aim to inform both practitioners and researchers seeking to implement inclusive and effective design strategies in the built environment.